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篇1

[關(guān)鍵詞]英語散文 寫作能力 經(jīng)典

[中圖分類號(hào)]H315 [文獻(xiàn)標(biāo)識(shí)碼]A [文章編號(hào)]1009-5349（2016）22-0192-02

散文，是一個(gè)熟悉而難于籠統(tǒng)下定義的概念。對其定義，黃源深教授認(rèn)為散文根據(jù)其所包含的內(nèi)容有三種劃分?！耙皇菑V義的‘散文’，英語中的prose，包括除詩歌之外的一切體裁；二是較廣義的‘散文’，它在英語中找不到一個(gè)相對等的詞。如果把廣義的散文中的小說與戲劇劃出去，余下的部分即為較廣義的散文所包含的內(nèi)容；三是狹義的‘散文’，即英語中的essay。從內(nèi)容上來看，essay既指那些由一件小事生發(fā)開去，信筆寫來，意到筆隨，揭示出微言大義的“隨筆”，也指“議論時(shí)政、評價(jià)文學(xué)現(xiàn)象的氣勢宏偉、洋洋灑灑的政論和文論”。①

本文所指的散文，就是第三種劃分，即通常意義上的“隨筆”，它具有題材廣泛，文章短小精悍，結(jié)構(gòu)嚴(yán)謹(jǐn)，用詞精煉，說理性強(qiáng)等特點(diǎn)。英國文學(xué)史上，培根等人的隨筆堪稱佳作中的典范，他許多作品中的名言警句在英語學(xué)習(xí)者中廣為傳誦，他的散文簡潔流暢，論述精辟，重點(diǎn)突出，富有哲理。

一、讀英語散文的作用

一般來說，大多數(shù)英語散文內(nèi)容豐富，語言優(yōu)美，風(fēng)格迥異，可讀性強(qiáng)。閱讀英語散文能夠增長智慧，還可以感受其中所蘊(yùn)含的豐富而深刻的哲理。具體說來，有如下作用：

（一）有助于提高英語學(xué)習(xí)者的寫作能力

閱讀散文對提高英語學(xué)習(xí)者的寫作水平非常有益。目前，無論是英語專業(yè)還是非英語專業(yè)的學(xué)生，寫作對于他們來說，一直是聽說讀寫這四種語言技能中難于掌握的一項(xiàng)內(nèi)容。如何有效提高學(xué)生的書面英語表達(dá)能力，已成為廣大英語教師關(guān)注并探討的熱點(diǎn)問題之一，也是擺在他們面前亟待解決的問題。到了大學(xué)階段，學(xué)生的英文寫作水平已經(jīng)有了相應(yīng)的提高。針對給定話題來表達(dá)自己的想法似乎不成問題?？墒聦?shí)證明，效果往往不盡如人意，學(xué)生的寫作還存在以下一些問題：

一是寫的文章雖然成型，但是語言平淡，內(nèi)容空洞，幾乎找不到內(nèi)涵豐富的詞語。句與句之間、段與段之間的銜接過渡還存在著一些問題；二是部分學(xué)生對英漢思維方式的差異掌握得還不到位，寫作中沒有養(yǎng)成用英語構(gòu)思的習(xí)慣，多數(shù)按漢語的思維方式去寫作。還有個(gè)別學(xué)生的英文寫作幾乎就是中文的機(jī)械翻譯，通篇中式英語頻繁出現(xiàn)。平時(shí)習(xí)作出現(xiàn)的這些問題也直接反映在本科畢業(yè)論文的撰寫之中。一般說來，6000字左右的畢業(yè)論文對大多數(shù)學(xué)生來說是一個(gè)很大的挑戰(zhàn)。畢業(yè)論文寫作存在的問題主要表現(xiàn)在觀點(diǎn)不夠明確，結(jié)構(gòu)松散，語言表述不夠凝練，描述性的句子較多，而分析論證的方法和力度明顯不足，說理性不強(qiáng)，材料的堆砌羅列比較常見等方面。

如何彌補(bǔ)寫作中出現(xiàn)的上述不足引起了廣大英語教師或研究者的關(guān)注，大家提出的許多方法富有成效，但筆者認(rèn)為，比起閱讀其他文學(xué)體裁，閱讀散文不失為一個(gè)正確的選擇，因?yàn)椤罢Z言要有輸入才有輸出，只有大量的輸入才能確保一定量的輸出。只有經(jīng)典語言的輸入才能保證輸出語言的質(zhì)量和品位。經(jīng)典英語的輸入、模仿、內(nèi)化是提高英語習(xí)作水平的根本途徑”。②散文中詞語的選擇，篇章結(jié)構(gòu)的布局，排比、對比、隱喻等修辭手法的運(yùn)用，對某一話題客觀冷靜的分析，獨(dú)特的文體風(fēng)格等對提高學(xué)生的語言運(yùn)用能力能起到極大的促進(jìn)作用。李賦寧說：“我的英語表達(dá)能力從這些淺易的英文作品里吸取了豐富的營養(yǎng)，幫助我形成了通暢、明晰的英文文體?！雹壑T多前人以其親身經(jīng)歷證明了自然流暢的英語散文閱讀對英語寫作水平的提高效果顯著。

（二）有助于提高英語學(xué)習(xí)者的文化素養(yǎng)

文化素養(yǎng)的提高可以有許多途徑，但大量成功的教學(xué)案例表明閱讀英語散文是最直接、最有效的方法之一。首先，閱讀英語散文有利于英語學(xué)習(xí)者領(lǐng)略英美文化的魅力。散文形式自如、形散而神不散，它所闡述的道理能給讀者提供借鑒或啟迪。其次，閱讀英語散文有助于提升英語學(xué)習(xí)者的興趣。散文中貼近生活的內(nèi)容，真摯情感的抒發(fā)，都能激發(fā)學(xué)習(xí)者的閱讀興趣，拓寬其視野，提高其對社會(huì)、對人生的認(rèn)識(shí)。最后，散文閱讀能夠讓學(xué)習(xí)者感受英語語言的美妙。散文語言優(yōu)美流暢是其他文體所不能替代的，仔細(xì)品讀散文中的經(jīng)典語言，感悟其中深刻的寓意，耐人尋味。

二、閱讀英語散文的方法

（一）選取經(jīng)典散文

了解英語散文對英語學(xué)習(xí)的作用之后，需強(qiáng)調(diào)的是英語散文的選取也是一門學(xué)問，閱讀材料選好了將起到事半功倍的效果。英語散文的閱讀一定要根據(jù)自己的興趣來選擇文本，如對人物傳記感興趣，可以選擇像普魯塔克的《希臘羅馬名人傳》這類的英語散文范例；如果側(cè)重謀篇布局、論證的方法和精煉的語言，培根的《隨筆集》非常有幫助，尤其是他的《談讀書》。無論哪個(gè)版本的英國文學(xué)教材，該隨筆都被收錄其中。其中有許多關(guān)于知識(shí)、關(guān)于人生的名言警句，大多數(shù)學(xué)習(xí)者都耳熟能詳。除此之外，英語散文閱讀文本的選擇還要根據(jù)學(xué)習(xí)者自身的實(shí)際情況選擇恰當(dāng)難度的英語散文。對于語言基礎(chǔ)較差的學(xué)習(xí)者來說選擇較高難度的文本，無疑會(huì)打消其閱讀的積極性。

（二）注重篇章結(jié)構(gòu)

在英語散文的閱讀中，把握文章整體結(jié)構(gòu)很重要。通常認(rèn)為結(jié)構(gòu)是文章的“骨骼”，用黃源深教授的話說，有的散文呈蛛網(wǎng)狀，有的呈輻射狀，有的呈直線型，有的呈圓形。無論哪一種類型的散文都有其對應(yīng)的篇章結(jié)構(gòu)，英語學(xué)習(xí)者閱讀時(shí)應(yīng)把握作者的思路，注意文章開篇如何引出要闡述的問題、中間如何承上啟下、結(jié)尾是如何總結(jié)上文，點(diǎn)明主題等技巧。英語學(xué)習(xí)者要善于辨別文章的結(jié)構(gòu)是先總后分，還是先分后總；作者對相關(guān)材料是如何進(jìn)行精心的組織和周密的安排，文章如何做到首尾呼應(yīng)等。只有對上述問題做到心中有數(shù)，方能更好地把握文章的脈絡(luò)，進(jìn)而對作者要表達(dá)的思想有全面充分的理解。

（三）學(xué)習(xí)論證方法

英語散文在說理論辯方面別具一格。閱讀英語散文時(shí)，要認(rèn)真領(lǐng)會(huì)散文中所運(yùn)用的論證方法，因?yàn)槌橄笏季S和邏輯推理往往是英語學(xué)習(xí)者相對薄弱之處。散文主要通過描述法、類比法、歸納法、演繹法等方法來闡明主旨，增強(qiáng)說服力。閱讀時(shí)學(xué)習(xí)這些論證方法對學(xué)習(xí)者的英文寫作有很大幫助。以“通過對具體例證或?qū)崜?jù)進(jìn)行分析討論，概括總結(jié)出一般性結(jié)論的邏輯推理”的歸納法為例④，這種方法運(yùn)用于英語散文創(chuàng)作通常是先引出話題，進(jìn)而展開論述，最后水到渠成，概括總結(jié)全文。閱讀時(shí)需注意散文不同的論證方法，在寫作時(shí)就會(huì)避免出現(xiàn)諸如段落之間的銜接，缺乏過渡語言，邏輯性不強(qiáng)，層次不夠分明等問題。

（四）模仿背誦經(jīng)典句式

在閱讀英語散文時(shí)讀者還需注意對一些經(jīng)典的句式進(jìn)行有意的模仿，必要時(shí)可以做筆記，記下優(yōu)美句子，并記憶內(nèi)化。模仿經(jīng)典句式有益于鍛煉學(xué)習(xí)者的篇章策略，所謂篇章策略是指“篇章作者在篇章生產(chǎn)中根據(jù)交際目的對篇章所作的總體決策和選擇，是作者判斷選擇以何種方式，在什么程度上最好的服務(wù)于語言交際目的所做出的自覺的、理性的、有目的的權(quán)衡和取舍”⑤由此可見，閱讀散文時(shí)，經(jīng)典句式的模仿、理解和內(nèi)化對學(xué)習(xí)者英文寫作有很大作用。長此以往，寫出符合英語思維習(xí)慣的英語文章便不再是一件難事，而且寫出來的文章往往也是一氣呵成、渾然天成。

（五）學(xué)習(xí)散文中的修辭手法

為了增強(qiáng)文章的說理性和感染力，抑或是為了便于讀者理解所闡述內(nèi)容，作者經(jīng)常會(huì)運(yùn)用一些修辭手法來增強(qiáng)文章的效果。最常見的修辭手法之一應(yīng)該是比喻，以培根的《談讀書》為例，“Some books are to be tasted，others to be swallowed， and some few to be chewed and digested……”，在這句話中，作者把讀書比作進(jìn)食東西，強(qiáng)調(diào)有些書只須讀其中的某些部分，有些只須大體涉獵，而少數(shù)則須全讀，該比喻非常生動(dòng)形象，而且說理性很強(qiáng)。英國18世紀(jì)塞繆爾?約翰遜博士在《致吉士菲爾德伯爵的一封信中》中有這樣一段話：“The shepherd in Virgil grew at last acquainted with Love， and found him a native of the Rocks.Is not a Patron， my Lord， one who looks with unconcern on a man struggling for life in the water， and， when he has reached ground， encumbers him with help？”第一句話既是一個(gè)典故，又是一個(gè)暗喻，喻指伯爵鐵石心腸，對作者當(dāng)初的求助無動(dòng)于衷；第二句諷刺了伯爵當(dāng)初拒絕資助作者編撰辭典，然而當(dāng)作者的辭典即將問世時(shí)，他卻希望作者承認(rèn)他是辭典的贊助人。因而作者說“當(dāng)有人落水，他袖手旁觀；當(dāng)此人上岸時(shí)，他卻伸手相助。這樣的人，還堪稱恩人嗎？”作者用這樣一個(gè)反問句，以及微妙的類比，筆鋒犀利地諷刺了伯爵的虛偽自私，發(fā)泄了自己的悲憤。諸如此類的修辭手法在散文中很常見，閱讀時(shí)應(yīng)引起注意，這也是寫作中值得借鑒的方法。

綜上所述，英語散文以其在語言、結(jié)構(gòu)、文體等方面的獨(dú)特優(yōu)勢為廣大英語學(xué)習(xí)者所喜愛。閱讀英語散文能夠提高學(xué)習(xí)者的思辨能力和邏輯推理能力以及語篇的駕馭能力。但是由于思想觀念、文化習(xí)俗等方面的不同，對待英語散文我們要進(jìn)行批判性閱讀及客觀分析，取其精華，去其糟粕，要具備這種甄別能力；其次，透過散文來提高英語寫作能力和增強(qiáng)文化素養(yǎng)不是短時(shí)間內(nèi)形成的，要持之以恒方能見成效；再次，模仿背誦經(jīng)典句式固然重要，但更重要的是要有自己的創(chuàng)新能力。要勤于思考，著力培養(yǎng)自主學(xué)習(xí)能力。常言道，“讀書破萬卷，下筆如有神”，只有多讀多寫，才能提高對語言的敏感度，增強(qiáng)語感?？傊咝实纳⑽拈喿x要求學(xué)習(xí)者不但有閱讀散文的意識(shí)，而且要選擇適合自己的散文材料，更要掌握恰當(dāng)?shù)拈喿x方法。只有這樣，才能攻克聽說讀寫這四種語言技能中最難于掌握的一項(xiàng)內(nèi)容――英文寫作，進(jìn)而提高英語學(xué)習(xí)者的語言綜合能力。

注釋：

①黃源深.英國散文選讀[M].上海：上海外語教育出版社，2007.

②劉可紅.基于經(jīng)典英語模仿的大學(xué)英語寫作教學(xué)最簡策略[J].天津外國語大學(xué)學(xué)報(bào)，2011（05）：67.

③陳羽綸.識(shí)途篇[M].北京：商務(wù)印書館，1999：149.

④張愛卿.大學(xué)英語寫作漫談[J].大學(xué)英語學(xué)報(bào)，1999.

⑤姚明發(fā).篇章特征與英語寫作教學(xué)[J].江西教育學(xué)院學(xué)報(bào)，2001（08）.

【參考文獻(xiàn)】

[1]郭鑫.基于合作W習(xí)理論的英語散文課程教學(xué)[J].牡丹江教育學(xué)院學(xué)報(bào)，2015（05）.

[2]蔣顯文，王玲.評點(diǎn)英語散文培養(yǎng)英專學(xué)生的思維和論證能力[J].懷化學(xué)院學(xué)報(bào)，2012（01）.

[3]王海嘯.大數(shù)據(jù)時(shí)代的大學(xué)英語寫作教學(xué)改革[J].現(xiàn)代遠(yuǎn)程教育研究，2014（03）.

篇2

We were sitting in the classroom quietly, waiting for the invigilator. We were anxious to get the examination paper and see whether it was easy or difficult.

The invigilator came into the classroom. He first looked around. Then he counted the papers. We could only hear the papersfricative. I had a look at my watch. We would be examined in eight minutes. I felt a bit nervous. I thought to myself,Will the exam be easy or difficult? Will the last question be very hard for me to work out?The invigilator began to deliver us the papers. I had been ready. As soon as I got the paper, I began to write quickly. At this, the invigilator said loudly,You cant write until the bell rings.I felt sorry for that. I watched the hands of the clock and thought hard. I counted quietly,four minutes, three minutes, two minutes,thirty seconds, twenty-five secondsDing The bell rang. We picked up our pens and began to write quietly.

What a long time we had been waiting!

[關(guān)于初三英語作文：Waiting]：

篇3

我是一名小學(xué)生。我每天星期一到星期五都要去學(xué)校。每天早晨我都是快速地喝牛奶、吃面包來作為早餐。我喜歡在面包上蘸草莓醬。

I don t have lunch at the school canteen. I like to have a sandwich, an apple or a bar of chocolate for lunch.

我不在學(xué)校飯?zhí)贸晕绮?。我午餐喜歡吃一片三明治，一個(gè)蘋果或者一塊巧克力。

Dinner is usually nice with my family together. My mother likes to cook some beef or chicken, vegetables, and some fruit salad. After dinner, I have some ice cream. It s delicious.

篇4

初三英語作文

An Accident

意外之禍

It was Saturday. Mr, Li was going to go fishing.He put a fishing pole on his shoulder. His dogs were running after him.

But he forgot there was something wrong with his bike, and he hadn't mended it.He was so excited that he couldn't watch buses and ears carefully.Suddenly, a truck was coming and he didn't notice.He was hit by the truck and he threw away the pole. His bike was broken and a lump appeared on his forehead.

那是個(gè)星期六，李先生打算去釣魚。他肩上扛著魚桿，愛犬在后面跟隨。

但他忘了他的自行車有毛病，還沒修理。他特別興奮，沒注意來往車輛。突然一輛大卡車開過來，他沒看見。他被撞著了， 魚桿扔了，自行車也壞了，前額還起了個(gè)大包。

Working for My Mother

為媽媽打工

The summer vacation began. I decided to work to make money for the next term.

But I didn't know what work I could do.At that time, my mother was writing a book.I decided to type for her for pay. She agreed and paid me 5 yuan for 1000 words.

I began to work.I typed so slowly that I could type only several hundred words a day.It was a hard job for me.I kept typing all day long.

I finished the work two weeks later.I came to know how hard it was to make money.

暑假開始了，我決定打工為下學(xué)期掙些錢。

但我不知道我能做什么工作。那時(shí)，媽媽在寫一本書。我想為她有償打字，她同意了，答應(yīng)每千字付我5元錢。 我開始工作。我打字很慢，每天才能打幾百字。對我來說這是一項(xiàng)辛苦的工作，我只能整天工作著。 兩周后我終于完成了這項(xiàng)工作。我認(rèn)識(shí)到掙錢是多么的不容易啊!

My Life in Summer Holiday

暑假生活

Good morning, my dear fellows.I am happy to see all of our classmates come back to school.I would like to

share my life in holiday with you.This summer holiday, I spent most of my time in playing, like watching TV, playing games, outing with friends and so on.But I also pay attention to my study.For example, I like watching the educational TV programs, so that I can both have fun and learn something new at the same time.Besides, I get up early to do some morning reading to practice my English.Of course, I finish my summer exercises on time.In short, my summer holiday is colorful and meaningful.How about your life in summer holiday?I am eager to know.

早上好，我親愛的同學(xué)們。我很高興看到所有的同學(xué)都返校了。我想要與大家分享我的假期生活。這個(gè)暑假，我花大部分的時(shí)間玩耍，比如看電視，玩游戲，和朋友出去玩等等。但是我也關(guān)心我的學(xué)習(xí)。比如說，我喜歡看教育電視節(jié)目，這樣我既可以得到樂趣又可以同時(shí)學(xué)到一些新的東西。除此之外，我早上起得很早進(jìn)行早讀以鍛煉我的英語。當(dāng)然，我也按時(shí)完成了暑假作業(yè)?？偸牵业氖罴俣嗖是腋挥幸饬x。你們的暑假生活是怎么樣的呢？我很想知道。

Tiger

老虎

A tiger is a kind of catamount animal. It looks like a cat, but much bigger than a cat.A tiger is very ferocious and it eats mainly meat.It has yellow and black streaks all over its body and it looks very beautiful.Its tail is long and strong and it can hit its quarry dying.

Tigers live in the thick forests and small animals in the forests are tigers' food.

During the past years, many forests have been cut down and the living conditions of the tigers are becoming worse and worse.There are fewer tigers left in the world now.Tigers are the animals of the world, and they should have their own living spaces.We must do our best to protect the tigers and their living environment.

老虎是貓科動(dòng)物的一種，它看起來像貓卻比貓大很多。老虎非常兇猛，是肉食性動(dòng)物。它全身是黑黃相間的斑紋，看起來非常漂亮。它的尾巴又長又有力，能夠打死它的獵物。

老虎生活在密林里，以森林中妁小動(dòng)物為食。

在過去妁幾年中，許多森林被砍伐，這使者虎的生存環(huán)境越來越糟?，F(xiàn)在世界上老虎的數(shù)量非常少。老虎是世界性妁動(dòng)物，它們應(yīng)該有自己的生存空間。我們必須盡全力保護(hù)老虎和它們的生存環(huán)境。

Dont Watch Too Much TV

看電視別太多

Tom watched TV too late last night. He didn＇t go to bed until twelve.This morning he got up late. He hurried to school without breakfast.He got school at 8:20 and he was late for class.When his teacher asked him a

question in class,he couldn＇t answer it.AFter he came back home, he couldn＇t finish his homework.He felt very sorry and decided not to watch too much TV.

Last night Tom watched a TV play until after twelve.He got up late this morning.He had no time to have his breakfast and hurried to school.

When he got school, the first class had begun.He felt so sleepy that he got to sleep after a while.The teacher asked him to answer a question, but he couldn＇t.

After school he came back home, but he found it difficult to do his homework.He needed to have a good sleep at once.He felt very sorry and decided not to watch TV too late.

湯姆昨天晚上看電視太晚了，直到12：00他才去睡覺。今天早晨他起床也晚了，沒來得及吃早飯便急急忙忙上學(xué)去了。他8：20才到學(xué)校，上課遲到了。老師問他問題，他也答不上來?；氐郊?，作業(yè)不會(huì)做。他覺得很后悔，他決心不再看那么長時(shí)間的電視了。

昨天晚上湯姆看一部電視劇直到12：00多。今天早晨他起晚了。他沒有時(shí)間吃早飯就匆匆忙忙上學(xué)去了。

他到校時(shí)，第一節(jié)課已經(jīng)開始了。他覺得太困了，不一會(huì)兒他就睡著了。老師讓他回答問題，他不會(huì)。

放學(xué)后他回到家，但是他發(fā)現(xiàn)作業(yè)太難了。他只是困，需要馬上睡覺。他很后悔并下決心再不看電視看到那么晚了。

After Supper

晚飯后

After supper, my father leaves the table fight away and starts to water his dear flowers on the balcony every day.He takes his sprayer in his hand, appreciating their beauty and smelling their fragrance.Sometimes he smiles at the flowers, as if he is talking with them.Mom washes the dishes, cleans up the floor and at the same time singing Beijing Opera. Sometimes she stops to ask me how I do in my school.After supper, I play the piano for two hours.What a happy life we live.

每天吃完晚飯，爸爸就立即離開飯桌，到陽臺(tái)給他那些可愛的花兒澆水。他手里拿著噴壺,津津有味地欣賞著花的美麗，聞著花的芳香。有時(shí)他還對著花兒微笑，似乎在跟它們交談著什么。媽媽則一邊洗碗掃地一邊哼著京戲，有時(shí)停下采詢問一下我在學(xué)校學(xué)習(xí)的情況。晚飯后，我彈兩個(gè)小時(shí)的鋼琴。我們生活得多幸福呀。

The Color I Love Best

我最喜歡的顏色

Of all the colors, I love blue best.Blue is the color of sky and sea.When the sky is blue, we will feel happy to

have a nice day.Blue is also related to the sea.When we come to the seaside, the deep blue color will attract us much.I like swimming in the sea very much. It makes me feel free and happy.Blue can make us feel easy, cool us down when we are too anxious.It's a color of ration and calm.

所有的顏色中，我最喜歡藍(lán)色。藍(lán)色是天空和大海的顏色。碧藍(lán)的天空可以給我們帶來晴朗的一天。藍(lán)色還與海洋有關(guān)。當(dāng)我們來到海邊，那湛藍(lán)的海洋會(huì)讓我們流連忘返。我喜歡在海水中游泳的感覺，自由而快樂。藍(lán)色可以使我們感覺輕松，當(dāng)我們焦急的時(shí)候，它還可以平靜我們的心靈。藍(lán)色代表著理性和沉著。

My Family

我的一家

In my life, I am proud of having a happy family.I have a kind father, strict mother and a naught little brother.As most other families, there are laughs and tears at my home. My father is friendly to others.Our neighbors speak highly of him.Mother is strict to me and my little brother. She has high expectation to us, wanting us to have bright future.My little brother is a primary school student, but he doesn’t work very hard. All he wants is playing with his friends. It worries my parents a lot.But in general, we have more laughs than tears.I love my lovely family.

在我的生命中，我最自豪的就是有一個(gè)快樂的家。我有一個(gè)和藹的父親，嚴(yán)厲的母親和一個(gè)淘氣的弟弟。像其他大多數(shù)家庭一樣，我家也充滿著喜怒哀樂。我的爸爸對別人很有好，鄰居們對他的評價(jià)很高。媽媽對我和弟弟很嚴(yán)厲，希望我們能有一個(gè)光明的未來。我的弟弟是一名小學(xué)生，但他卻不怎么努力學(xué)習(xí)，他所想的就是和朋友們一起玩，這讓我的父母很操心?？偟膩碚f，我的家里是歡笑多于淚水。我愛我可愛的家。

THE NATIONAL FLAG

國旗

It is the duty of every citizen to honor the national flag.Why?Because the national flag is the symbol of a (the) country.To respect it means to respect the country.In other words, if a man loves his country, he must love the national flag.

In school, the national flag is usually raised at a certain time every day.Then the principal, teachers, staff and students are to (must) stand before it and sing the national anthem.It is indeed extremely meaningful to attend such a ceremony.

尊敬國旗是每個(gè)公民的責(zé)任（義務(wù)）。為什么？因?yàn)閲焓菄业南笳?。尊敬它意思就是尊敬國家。換句話說，如果一個(gè)人愛國，他必須愛國旗。

在學(xué)校里，通常每天定時(shí)要升旗。那時(shí)，校長，老師，教職員學(xué)生教師將恭敬地站在它前面并且唱國歌。參加此項(xiàng)儀式確實(shí)非常有意義。

Make Dumplings

包餃子

dumpling is a traditional chinese food.On the lunar new year' s day, most families make a lot of delicious dumplings.To make them, follow this easy process.

The first step is to mix the flour with water.when the dough is ready, we can begin to make dumpling wrappers.we use a rolling pole to roll the dough into small, thin and round pieces so that they will be easy to cook.when the wrappers are done, it' s time to prepare the filling.Usually, we use meat such as beef or mutton, and some vegetables such as cabbage or carrots for filling.You may actually choose whatever you like to put into it.we must chop those things into small pieces.Then put some salt, oil and other condiments into it and stir it evenly.When all these preparations are done, we can start making dumplings.First put a spoonful of filling in the center of the wrapper.Then stick the two opposite sides together and then the rest.Don' t just cover the filling with the wrappers.The best shape of dumplings is that of a ship, because when they are boiling in the pan, they look like ships sailing in the sea.The smell can make your mouth water.

餃子是中國的傳統(tǒng)食物。在農(nóng)歷新年，大多數(shù)家庭都會(huì)包很多美味的餃子。要包成餃子，遵循以下那容易的步驟。

第一步就是把面粉和水和在一起。和好面之后，我們可以開始搟皮。我們使用一個(gè)滾動(dòng)桿，把它揉成又薄又小的圓形面皮，這樣會(huì)比較容易煮。皮弄完后，就是弄餡的時(shí)候了。通常我們用肉(比如牛肉和羊肉)還有蔬菜(比如白菜和胡蘿卜)作餡。 你可能選擇任何你喜歡的餡包進(jìn)去。我們必須把這些東西剁小。然后放上鹽，油和其他調(diào)料攪拌它均勻。當(dāng)所有這些準(zhǔn)備工作都完成了,我們就可以開始包餃子了。首先放一勺餡在皮的中心。然后把兩個(gè)相反的兩邊粘在一起，然后就是其他的了。不只是只是把餡包在皮里面。餃子最好看的形狀是像一艘船，因?yàn)楫?dāng)它們在鍋里煮時(shí)，他們看起來就像是大海里的船只。它們的香味會(huì)讓你流口水。

Why Are Bicycles So Commonly Used in China

篇5

關(guān)鍵詞：語文素養(yǎng)；培養(yǎng)；提高

“全面提高學(xué)生的語文素養(yǎng)”是本次語文課程改革的基本理念之一。那么，如何才能提高學(xué)生的語文素養(yǎng)呢？我們應(yīng)在培養(yǎng)學(xué)生語文興趣、培養(yǎng)學(xué)生良好的閱讀習(xí)慣、培養(yǎng)學(xué)生良好的寫作能力和口語交際能力等方面多下工夫。以上幾點(diǎn)是提高語文素養(yǎng)的關(guān)鍵。

一、領(lǐng)會(huì)與拓展求興趣

激發(fā)學(xué)習(xí)興趣的方法很多。其中利用電教手段通過多媒體對知識(shí)加以形象化、立體化的展示，會(huì)使得語文知識(shí)形象、逼真，從而更深地將知識(shí)多渠道、多形式、多側(cè)面?zhèn)鬏斀o學(xué)生。如我在教高爾基的《海燕》時(shí)，利用網(wǎng)上的資源，收集了海燕在海邊自由自在飛翔的圖片、搏擊風(fēng)云時(shí)的圖片以及其他海鳥的圖片，通過英勇無畏的海燕與懦弱可笑的海鴨企鵝的對比，讓學(xué)生理解海燕的英勇與樂觀。再配以或輕快的或凝重的音樂將散文的意境全盤托出，使學(xué)生在這種形象化的感知中加深了對海燕這一無產(chǎn)階級革命先驅(qū)者化身的理解，從而使學(xué)生更深地理解了文章，理解了“讓暴風(fēng)雨來得更猛烈些吧”一句所蘊(yùn)涵的激昂斗志。

二、思考與深究成習(xí)慣

1.及時(shí)糾正學(xué)生的閱讀偏差

不少中學(xué)生在閱讀文章時(shí)，只注意摘抄一些生動(dòng)的名言警句和華美的片言只語，而忽略了對文章的整體把握，忽略對文章深刻而又豐富內(nèi)涵的挖掘。這種閱讀方向的偏差，極易造成學(xué)生在閱讀中對所需掌握知識(shí)的一知半解，把握不住文章深刻的思想內(nèi)容，失去了閱讀文章的目的，這不能不說是一種缺憾。作為語文教師有責(zé)任在閱讀方法的指導(dǎo)上，給予及時(shí)的糾正，引導(dǎo)學(xué)生走上正確的閱讀方向。

2.閱讀教學(xué)時(shí)引導(dǎo)學(xué)生進(jìn)行形象思維訓(xùn)練

如在教學(xué)課外美文訓(xùn)練《世間最美的墳?zāi)埂窌r(shí)，講到“樸素”之美，讓學(xué)生去想象，什么是樸素，生活中有哪些樸素的美。通過啟發(fā)學(xué)生思維想象，激發(fā)學(xué)生思考。通過啟發(fā)性思維，既幫助學(xué)生理解了文章的內(nèi)容，又提高了學(xué)生思維想象能力，培養(yǎng)了學(xué)生思考與領(lǐng)悟的精神。

3.閱讀教學(xué)要及時(shí)加強(qiáng)訓(xùn)練

閱讀課文前，教師根據(jù)文章主旨、人物、情節(jié)、線索提出問題，讓學(xué)生讀后掩卷沉思，復(fù)述課文，既達(dá)到了鍛煉口頭表達(dá)能力，也達(dá)到了掌握課文要旨的目的。

三、表達(dá)與交流有成就

1.閱讀中鼓勵(lì)“插嘴”

課堂是活躍學(xué)生思維，鼓勵(lì)學(xué)生說話的基地。首先必須嚴(yán)格要求學(xué)生的說話習(xí)慣，使學(xué)生的表達(dá)更簡潔、清晰、完整。在此基礎(chǔ)上，教師要充分利用課堂，用多種方法調(diào)動(dòng)學(xué)生說話的熱情。如教學(xué)《桃花源記》時(shí)，我問“如果你是漁人，出來之后你會(huì)怎么做？”學(xué)生就爭先恐后地回答：“我會(huì)守口如瓶，因?yàn)椤薄拔視?huì)馬上稟報(bào)，說不上能升官發(fā)財(cái)”……大家發(fā)表了不同的見解，盡情地議論起來。之后，我又讓學(xué)生將自己的觀點(diǎn)寫成文章，不僅提高了學(xué)生口語交際能力，而且還提高了寫作水平。

2.寫作中鼓勵(lì)“交際”

在寫作課上，出了一個(gè)話題，我首先讓學(xué)生先講“怎樣去立意，怎樣去組織材料”，然后，讓其他學(xué)生對該生的觀點(diǎn)和結(jié)構(gòu)進(jìn)行評價(jià)，講出好在何處，失在何方，再讓他們分成若干小組，進(jìn)行辯論，選代表發(fā)言，最后，自由發(fā)言，然后將討論結(jié)果形成文字。

總之，要提高學(xué)生的語文素養(yǎng)，就要在課堂教學(xué)中多下工夫，我相信功到自然成。

參考文獻(xiàn)：

篇6

I spent this summer vacation in quite a different way. I used to run about every day in previous summer vacations, but this summer vacation I simply could not afford to do so. I would soon be in the last year of my high-school education and would after graduation be up against the college entrance examinations.

Though those examinations were still a year away, I had to start early to make myself well prepared by reviewing all those things I had learned at school and this summer vacation was the ideal time for me to do this.

At first I was rather dismayed at the thought of this, but later I thought it was better this way because by working hard this summer I could count on endless happy summers to come.

With this in mind I then set to work like anything and only occasionally went out for a change or did some physical. I was not at all bored by this kind of life, for I was sustained by a hope.

[快樂暑假初三英語作文]：

篇7

初三畢業(yè)季英語作文范文一：

Every studentis excited about the freshmen year, they are looking forward to seeing theirclassmates and will open the new chapter of their lives. While when the senioryear comes, it means saying goodbye to their classmates and is it time to leaveschool. Freshmen year brings happiness and senior year brings sorrow, students don’twant to say goodbye to their classmates, after the long time’s acquaintance,classmates have built strong friendship, it is hard to say goodbye. In China,there is an old saying that all good things must come to an end, for everystudent, they will leave school and fight for each other’s future. Thoughsenior year is a little sad, it is another turning point for the students, theysome will find a job, some will study abroad, all of them are fighting for theirfuture. Senior year in not the end, it is the beginning.

每個(gè)學(xué)生都會(huì)對入學(xué)季感到興奮，他們期待看到新同學(xué)，即將展開新的生活篇章。然而當(dāng)畢業(yè)季到來的時(shí)候，這意味著和同學(xué)說再見，是時(shí)候離開學(xué)校了。入學(xué)季帶來了快樂，而畢業(yè)季帶來了悲傷。學(xué)生不想要和同學(xué)說再見，經(jīng)過長時(shí)間的認(rèn)識(shí)，學(xué)生間已經(jīng)建立了深厚的友誼，很難說再見。在中國，有一句方言“天下無不散之筵席”，對于每個(gè)學(xué)生來說，他們將要離開學(xué)校，為彼此的未來奮斗。雖然畢業(yè)季有點(diǎn)悲傷，但是確實(shí)另一個(gè)轉(zhuǎn)折點(diǎn)，有些同學(xué)找工作，有些同學(xué)出國深造，他們都要為將來奮斗。畢業(yè)季不是終點(diǎn)，而是開始。

初三畢業(yè)季英語作文范文二：

Ill never forget you and our co-experience in the classroom or in our shool playground.

Although we may go to a diffferent school and will have diferent teachers and classmates,I believe that our friendship will not fade at all just because of our separation.

Every one must have his own life and there is no friends that can be together forever,only what can defend the time is the most cherished friendship that belongs to us all.

Faced with the separation,we dont need to be sad as we know we will live a wonderful life in a new and unknown place,maybe when you get some excellent achievments,I truly believe that I will be the first man to be told and I will be the first man to send congratulation to you.

Best wishes for you!

初三畢業(yè)季英語作文范文三：

篇8

There are two main causes of cancer: heredity and environment. We can do nothing to change our heredity, that is, the basic physical characteristics that were passed on to us by our parents. However, we can do a GREat deal to control our environment, which may account for 80-90 %of all cancers.

Environmental pollution can be divided into two kinds: personal and impersonal. Personal pollution may be defined roughly as unhealthy habits such as smoking, drinking, and eating the wrong foods. Clearly, with enough will power we can control this personal environment.

Impersonal pollution, on the other hand, refers to those things which are beyond our individual control. One example would be industrial pollution, which is very hard to control because of the expense involved. It would be expensive in terms of profits and perhaps jobs. The American automobile industry, for example, resisted the law requiring smog-control devices because it feared the added expense would reduce profits. Nevertheless, some laws protecting the environment have been quite successful in reducing pollution.

篇9

Group Activities Help Us Study English Better

In our English Class, we often have group activities. There are usually three or four students in one group. In my opinion, the group activities help us study English better. First of all, we should know what the task is all about and how we will do it. Second, we have to make ourselves understood that what we try to conevy. We should know that each group member should play a different role and students should work together. If we have any questions, we should turn to our teacher for help. At the same time, we should have communicate with our group members. Last but not least, we must preform our activities in front of the whole class. It helps us to learn English better.

小組活動(dòng)能幫助我們更好的學(xué)習(xí)英語

在英語課堂中,我們經(jīng)常組織集體活動(dòng)。一般來說,每個(gè)組都有3、4名學(xué)生。在我看來,小組活動(dòng)能幫助我們更好的學(xué)習(xí)英語。首先,我們得知道小組的任務(wù)是什 么,我們應(yīng)該怎么做。其次,我們要讓他人明白自己所表達(dá)的東西。每個(gè)組員都扮演著不同的角色,學(xué)生們要相互合作。如果我們有任何問題,可以向老師求教。與 此同時(shí),我們應(yīng)該與其他的組員進(jìn)行交流。最后一點(diǎn),我們必須要在全部同學(xué)的面前表演所接受的任務(wù)。做表演讓我們的英語學(xué)得更好。

篇10

Saturday Nov. 15, 2003 Cloudy

My teacher gave me an assignment "experience life" last week. I had been thinking how to finish it because I had never done any thing by myself before.

Mother was out today. It was a good chance to complete the assignment. Seeing the barrel was empty, I decided to fetch water from the well.

I took the empty barrel and went towards the well outside the yard. It snowed yesterday, so the alley was very slippery. A layer of thickice was frozen on the platform of the well. I was frightened by the sight, but I gathered my courage to walk towards it.